The Russian government tries to maintain greater control over domestic cyberspace than does the U.S., primarily to ensure political stability. Since the US has experienced successful and harmful cyber-attacks on the critical infrastructures, protecting the DOD cyberspace from adversaries is more important than ever. A new report from the Atlantic Council on lessons from the Sunburst campaign likewise argues that government and industry should embrace an idea of persistent flow in cybersecurity, emphasizing that effective cybersecurity is more about speed, agility, and concentrated action than trying to do everything, everywhere, all at once. Figure 2: The 44 DOD Components of the DODIN. However, this idea is not only unrealistic, with resource constraints (in personnel, target information, access to adversary networks, organizational capacity, etc.) Actions in cyberspace, particularly defensive actions within DOD cyberspace, should not be viewed as a traditional force-on-force competition. Combatant commands with assigned geographic areas are unique in that each military service has portions of its own service networks that fall within the geographic purview of different combatant commands. Open and reliable access to the Internet is essential for global security and prosperity. This comprehensive approach creates interesting synergies for the Russian military. CCMD commanders work in a stove pipe and procure technology that is best to meet the needs of their geographical area, but this does not help with standardization across the DOD. The DODIN is DODs classified and unclassified enterprise. (Figure 4). - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, News The organizations most applicable for being supported by CCMDs are USCYBERCOM, Joint Force Headquarters DODIN (JFHQ-DODIN), and Joint Force Headquarters Cyber (JFHQ-Cyber), with the service cyber components (SCCs) supporting the CCMDs. Should the US and Russia Pursue Confidence-Building Measuresand, if So, Which Ones? We will give a quick summary of these organizations as this will help you understand when we address the complications and solutions for CCMDs. Renewables are widely perceived as an opportunity to shatter the hegemony of fossil fuel-rich states and democratize the energy landscape. The Sunburst campaign provides myriad reasons for the U.S. government and industry to reassess their policies and practices on the likes of both cloud and supply chain security[PDF]. The Department of Defense provides the military forces needed to deter war and ensure our nation's security. Within a given cyberspace mission, different types of cyberspace actions can occur. By also sharing this information with JFHQ-DODIN, this establishes awareness of the DODs cybersecurity posture, DOD-wide. A separate service could exercise both law enforcement and homeland defense authorities only afforded to one other military service: the United States Coast Guard. From a defensive cyberspace perspective, the threat to the Department of Defense (DOD) has never been greater. All DOD organizations share cyberspace information and intelligence securely, and cyberspace is fully incorporated into joint force planning and operations. A declared expansion in targeting Russian power grids could ensure that future disruptions, which can occur spontaneously, are seen by Moscow as an unmistakable act of U.S. cyber aggression. Yet, the services have their own network operating independently within the CCMD AOR and, therefore, the CCMD is unaware of all activities that could have an impact on their current and future operations. Cyberspace is a wild west with a low barrier to entry where both nations and criminals can exploit it for their own ends. Privacy Program, Army Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate (CADD) NDIA is not responsible for screening, policing, editing, or monitoring your or another user's postings and encourages all of its users to use reasonable discretion and caution in evaluating or reviewing any posting. Air Force Definitions of cyber-related terms need to be clarified as much as possible. Hearing some of these calls, we at Russia Matters and the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism were moved to probe them further: Is a cyber rules-of-the-road agreement feasible? If so, what form could it take? The first US Air force chief software officer, Nicolas Chaillan, who spent three years on a Pentagon-wide effort to boost cyber security, resigned late in 2021, arguing, we do not have a competing fighting chance against China in 15 to 20 years. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. Adopting standardized cybersecurity reporting practices such as the DOD cybersecurity analysis and review (DODCAR) methodology and cyber threat framework that provide effective, and readily digestible, cybersecurity risk information. Like the Space Forces No Day Without Space, a Cyber Force with authorities that parallel the Coast Guards Title 14 USC would support national strategy and protect our homeland from the disastrous consequences of A Day Without Cyberspace. Although the existence of a separate Air Force is no longer controversial, its creation was often characterized by resistance from within the military amidst advocacy from civilian political pressures. For example, they've made attempts to interfere in the 2016, 2018 and now 2020 U.S. elections, as well as elections of allies and partners. Iran has conducted disruptive cyberattacks against U.S. and allies'companies, along with information operations to push their own narrative across the Middle East, Mortelmans said. This article establishes a clear, shared understanding of DOD cyberspace, provides guidance to the DOD to protect its cyberspace, and illustrates current and future efforts to improve DODs cybersecurity. Training and Education Command(TECOM) The DOD cyberspace backbone is called the DODIN. Air Force Tech. This will result in increased cyberspace command and control and decrease DOD security incident response times. January 31, 2022, How Tobacco Laws Could Help Close the Racial Gap on Cancer, Interactive The most effective way to address these problems and our disjointness is by creating a separate cyber service. This vastly improves component awareness of potential operational impacts from a cyberspace perspective. [4] The DODIN is the biggest network in the world. One thing though all can be certainly sure of, is that there are others out there based in many places elsewhere, who be of a similar persuasion to be a pioneering prime lead in such a predominant field of ACTive IT Endeavour, and equally enthusiastically interested in programs and projects of advanced intelligent design built and maintained to not fail, and being further developed to exceed all expectations with guaranteed stability in overwhelmingly powerful performance situations/great game changing events. The Russian government tries to maintain greater control over domestic cyberspace than does the U.S., primarily to ensure political stability. Both the U.S. and Russia view misinformation and disinformation disseminated by cyber means as highly problematic. Nonetheless, events since 2016 reflect a convergence of the two factors. The end state of all these initiatives is that DOD cybersecurity efforts have moved away from localized efforts and expertise, and transitioned to established cybersecurity standards across the DOD. Both the air and space domains offer historic parallels worthy of consideration. Although both sides have been targeting each other's infrastructure since at least 2012, according to the Times article, the aggression and scope of these operations now seems unprecedented. Despite Cyber Command's new authorities, Moscow's hackers are comparatively unfettered by legal or normative boundaries and have a far wider menu of means and methods in competing with the United States short of all-out war. Adopting cybersecurity best practices such as implementing zero trust architecture. with Jeremi Suri Additionally, once all MRT-C and KT-C are identified, the information should be stored and shared using an existing secure database. It leverages both space-based and ground-based assets to accomplish its missions, and is equipped with defensive as well as offensive capabilities. An official website of the United States Government. Then, Washington must understand why it failed, writes Stephen Walt. This concentration is necessary because just as there are cybersecurity technologies that give leverage to a defender, some vectors of compromise give disproportionate leverage to attackers. Madeline Mortelmansspoke today at an event hosted by the Association of European Journalists in Madrid, Spain. [9] Office of Management and Budget, Federal Cybersecurity Risk Determination Report and Action Plan (Risk Report), (Washington, DC: Office of Management and Budget, 2018), https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=811093. Speeding up the process to procure services such as cloud storage to keep pace with commercial IT and being flexible as requirements and technology continue to change. As this process matures, cyberspace planners will know what MRT-C and KT-C must be protected throughout all phases of the various scenarios in joint force plans and operations. By entering your email and clicking subscribe, you're agreeing to receive announcements from CFR about our products and services, as well as invitations to CFR events. While the United States has displayed a growing willingness to launch operations against Russia, Moscow has somewhat bolstered its military cyber capacity by expanding recruiting initiatives and malware development. This graphic describes the four pillars of the U.S. National Cyber Strategy. Why Life is Complicated for Combatant Commands. Moreover, it is a policy of NDIA to take appropriate actions under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and other applicable intellectual property laws. They are also both areas where small changes would yield massive gains in cybersecurity, underscoring that, as we previously argued, one of the best ways to approach a U.S. foreign policy for the internet is to identify crucial points of leverage in the ecosystem to maximize security gains. While the Russian author believes that a risk of cyber-related escalation to kinetic conflict between Russia and the U.S. does exist (for instance, in the event of a cyber breach of the other sides weapons systems), the U.S. authors are hesitant to affirm the likelihood of such escalation as there have not yet been significant real-world examples of it and, more generally, the risks are still underexplored. February 13, 2023 Air Land Sea Application Center, We have no room for complacency and history makes it clear that America has no preordained right to victory on the battlefield.Secretary James N. Expanding DoD cyber cooperation with interagency, industry, and international partners . to reduce the risk of major cyberattacks on them. In considering this question we were constantly reminded of recent comments by a prominent U.S. arms control expert: At least as dangerous as the risk of an actual cyberattack, he observed, is cyber operations blurring of the line between peace and war. Or, as Nye wrote, in the cyber realm, the difference between a weapon and a non-weapon may come down to a single line of code, or simply the intent of a computer programs user.. - Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School. The DOD cyberspace is only going to continue expanding at an exponential rate utilizing the latest and greatest technology to meet the ever-growing demands for more information from commanders while conducting warfare. Violent extremist organizations use cyber to recruit terrorists, raise funds, direct attacks and distribute gruesome propaganda online, she mentioned. Besides having an understanding of adversaries'intention, Cybercom has the tools and expertise to conduct defensive and offensive cyber operations, she said. "Dominance in cyberspace has been a strategic goal of the United States since the mid-1990s," the report notes. [5] U.S. Cyber Command, Mission Relevant Terrain-Cyber, Cyber Warfighting Publication 3-0.1, 20 August 2021, [6] Russel, W. William, Defense Acquisitions: Joint Cyber Warfighting Architecture Would Benefit from Defined Goals and Governance, GAO-21-68, (Washington, DC: Government Accountability Office, 2020). - Slate, Analysis & Opinions The United States is arriving late to a showdown that many officials in Russian defense circles saw coming a long time ago, when U.S. policymakers were understandably preoccupied with the exigencies of counterterrorism and counterinsurgency. In considering this question we were constantly reminded of recent comments by a prominent U.S. arms control expert: At least as dangerous as the risk of an actual cyberattack, he observed, is cyber operations blurring of the line between peace and war. Or, as Nye wrote, in the cyber realm, the difference between a weapon and a non-weapon may come down to a single line of code, or simply the intent of a computer programs user.. by Lindsay Maizland Mattis.[1]. Unlike the air domain, the space domain is expanding as a realm of competition nearly simultaneously with another domain: cyberspace. Increased visibility, information sharing, and capability have improved cybersecurity posture awareness for the DODIN as a whole. Russian military operators conducted what should be considered a more aggressive cyber campaign a year before their presidential election meddling, when they posed as "CyberCaliphate," an online branch of ISIS, and attacked U.S. media outlets and threatened the safety of U.S. military spouses. By tallying several key indices for countries cosponsoring competing cyber-related resolutions proposed by Russia and the U.S. at the United Nations in 2018 and 2020, he demonstrates that the countries on Russias side are much less technologically advanced and politically less integrated into the digital world than those on the U.S. side: There seems to be a clear borderline between the nations that pursue strong government control similar to Russias sovereign internet or Chinas Great Firewall and those that promote freedom of speech and a more democratic internet.. 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