[citation needed]. Today, Spar City is a private resort. The Ludlow Massacre was a mass killing perpetrated by anti-striker militia during the Colorado Coalfield War. Other famous people in Creede were Robert Ford (the man who killed outlaw Jesse James), Bat Masterson, and William Sidney "Cap" Light (the first deputy sheriff in Creede, and brother-in-law of Soapy Smith). 1. [32] The report also blamed the looting that occurred afterward on "Troop 'A'", a unit composed largely of non-uniformed mine guards who had been integrated into the Guard. Today Mineral County is returning to its tourism roots. [2]:199 But owning the towns gave companies considerable control over all aspects of workers' lives, and they did not always use this power to augment public welfare. Colorado Town Featured in Tragic Opening Scene of Netflix Original, If youve had a Netflix account for a couple years, theres a good chance youve seen advertisements for the companys original show called Godless. This western, While most of this story takes place in New Mexico, the series starts near. (There are about 850 full-time residents in Mineral County today). The Denver Post: May 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30 and June 3, 1914, The Trinidad Free Press: April 24 and 29, 1914, and May 9, 1914. His older brother Charles joined the James gang around 1881 with Bob Ford joining later. He was one of the few pastors in Trinidad permitted to search and provide Christian burials to the deceased victims of the Ludlow Massacre.[41]. Males had a median income of $27,250 versus $17,250 for females. Special thanks to Grant Houston of the Hinsdale County Historical Society, Lynna Jackson of Creede, Nancy Houston, and the authors, Laurene Farley and Sandy Thompson of the U.S. Forest Service, Gunnison, Colorado. [37] Twenty-two National Guardsmen, including 10 officers, were court-martialed. Frequent sniper attacks on the tent colonies drove the miners to dig pits beneath the tents to hide in. An estimated 10,000 people poured into the . The boom camps population quickly swelled to 10,000. The Utes were hot, shooting 63.6 percent from the floor in those first 20 minutes to lead it 49-33 at . For example, a mine near Creede that gets robbed is called Tomboy Mine, which doesnt seem to be a real mine near Creede. for the magazine Mother Earth. Two of the women and all the children suffocated. [37], The United Mine Workers of America finally ran out of money, and called off the strike on December 10, 1914. If this name sounds familiar, its because there is an abandoned mine by the same name near Telluride. Nine years later, Packer was captured in Wyoming and brought back to trial in Lake City. During the ensuing boom years, two trains arrived and departed Creede daily. Don't knowingly lie about anyone He was convicted of killing the men and desecrating their bodies. He died six years later, still claiming innocence. In 1890, the Upper Rio Grande Valleys destiny changed dramatically. Box 580, Creede, CO 81130. Soldiers of the Colorado National Guard deployed in Ludlow. He and the mining companies, fearing a breakdown in order, left one company of Guardsmen in southern Colorado. Ten days of increased fighting followed by federal military intervention. On March 10, 1914, a replacement worker's body was found on the railroad tracks near Forbes, Colorado. Ford was standing at the bar and was busy raising money to bury Nellie Russell, a dance hall girl who had died of a morphine overdose. [6][7], The massacre was the seminal event of the 19131914 Colorado Coalfield War, which began with a general United Mine Workers of America strike against poor labor conditions in CF&I's southern Colorado coal mines. He was eventually paroled in 1901 following a campaign by an acquaintance. (Creede Original Town Site, 1892 - Historical Society Archive #450-CRO-6c1), Along with the prospectors and miners came gamblers, saloonkeepers and ladies of the evening. Miners who came into conflict with the company were often summarily evicted from their homes.[16]. [39] While Linderfelt was found responsible for the deaths of Tikas and other strikers that exhibited execution-style injuries, he and all others were acquitted. Her father was a miner and she was born in the camp. The evacuation resulted in the family having to split up afterward. Two months later, in late April, Packer stumbled across a frozen lake at the Los Pios Agency alone, and surprisingly well fed for having spent months lost in the Colorado wilderness. This website was created for Colorado residents and visitors who are interested in the history of the towns and places along the Silver Thread Byway and uses milepost markers along Highway 149. . His statement in the court record reads, Alfred Packer, the judgement of this court is that you be removed from hence to the jail of Hinsdale County and there confined until the 19th day of May, A.D. 1883, and that on said 19th day of May, 1883, you be taken from thence by the sheriff of Hinsdale County to a place of execution prepared for this purpose, at some point within the corporate limits of the town of Lake City, in the said county of Hinsdale, and between the hours of 10 A.M. and 3 P.M. of said day, you, then and there, by said sheriff, be hung by the neck until you are dead, dead, dead, and may God have mercy upon your soul.. Armed United Mine Workers of America strikers, Ludlow 1914. Louis Tikas (Organiser, UMWA)James Fyler (Financial Secretary, UMWA)John R. Lawson (POW). Simultaneously, armed Greek miners began flanking to an arroyo. Ruins of the Ludlow Colony in the aftermath of the massacre. 7.85 miles. ), The quote attributed to Judge Green on Packers conviction is a bit of journalistic license. In 1972, the same year as his U.S. presidential campaign, he published this dissertation with the help of historian Leonard Guttridge under the title The Great Coalfield War. The governor paroled him in 1901. Located in Southwestern Colorado in Mineral County, Creede was a booming mining town during the late-1800s, now home to only around 300 residents (down from an estimated 10,000). A board of Colorado military officers described the events as beginning with the killing of Tikas and other strikers in custody, with gunfire largely emanating from the southwestern corner of the Ludlow Colony. Another Colorado town, Leadville, makes a quick appearance, as characters walk past the Leadville Exchange Bank.. And the beds of running rivers No purchase necessary. An accomplice rode down the street, reached down and quickly handed Kelly a loaded shotgun. Packer claimed he was forced to kill his last surviving client in self-defense. Follow us on Twitter to get the latest on the world's hidden wonders. 2022 Colorado Silver Thread Scenic & Historic Byway Council Registered 501(c3) NonProfit Principal office at Creede Visitor Center, 904 S. Main St., PO Box 580, Creede, CO 81130 719-658-2374, Sitemap Cookies, Terms & Conditions of Use, and Privacy Policy Website built by b4studio.com, Cookies, Terms & Conditions of Use, and Privacy Policy. but it can also be stressful. He is an author of 20 books and more than 1,600 articles. The analysis was inconclusive, neither corroborating nor disproving Packers conflicting stories. Spar City, Stumptown, and Bachelor evolved into thriving communities. Believe it or not, this isnt the first time Creede has found its way to the silver screen. Website. Packers death sentence was overturned by the Colorado Supreme Court on a technicality. Creede after the June 1892 Fire . The impact from the blast knocked Ford over backward as he was nearly decapitated. While you're there, be sure to explore the town's silver-mining history via the Creede Historical Museum and the very special Underground Mining Museum. Edward O. Kelly was convicted and sentenced to life in prison. Reproduction of photos, logos or copy is prohibited without the expressed written permission of The Chamber & B4 Studio. By then, according to historian Anthony DeStefanis, the National Guard had largely broken the strike by helping the mine operators bring in non-union workers. After 1900, Creede stayed alive by relying increasingly on lead and zinc in the ores. His original tale of each man succumbing to the elements and being eaten was replaced by various other. Sign up for our newsletter and enter to win the second edition of our book. It worked with Colorado museums, historical societies, churches and art galleries, and supplied programming in 2014. Relief parties carrying the Red Cross flag were driven back by the gunmen, and for twenty-four hours the bodies lay crisping in the ashes, while rescuers vainly tried to cross the firing line. Fifty-five women and children perished in the fire of the Ludlow tent colony. He fled the Agency. When two of the militias' dynamite explosionsdetonated to draw support from the National Guard units at Berwind and Cedar Hillalerted the Ludlow tent colony, the miners took up positions at the bottom of the hill. We depend on ad revenue to craft and curate stories about the worlds hidden wonders. [citation needed] The Colorado Coalfield War produced a total death toll of approximately 75. Nearby. Clay Mine, c1930 - Creede Historical Society #3016-MCL-17, San Juan Ranch, c1922 - Creede Historical Society #2932-HR-54, Wason Ranch House, c1920 - Creede Historical Society #2220-HR-27, Bachelor, aerial view, c1892 - Creede Historical Society #2194-MC-1c1, Amethyst Band, Creede Camp, c1895 - Creede Historical Society #1923-R-18, Amethyst & Last Chance Mines, Stumptown, postcard- Creede Historical Society #1885-MW-1c4, Commodore Mine #3, 1900 - Creede Historical Society #1845-MHC-18c1, Arrival of D&RG in Creede, c1892 - Creede Historical Society 620-RR-5c1, View in Canyon Above Jimtown, 1982 - Creede Historical Society #616-RR-2, Stringtown Water Tower with Ice, c1892- Creede Historical Society #464-CRS-3c2, Creede Original Town Site July 1892 - Creede Historical Society #450-CRO-6c1, Aerial View of Creede fom Mammoth Mt 1902 - Creede Historical Society #377-CR-55, Creede Downtown, c1920 - Creede Historical Society #338-R-24c2, Main Street, Jimtown - May 23, 1892 - Creede Historical Society #309-CR-6c4, Dr. and Mrs. Faunce at Wetherill Ranch c. 1925 - Creede Historical Society #288-HR-3.1, Death of Bob Ford, 1892 - Creede Historical Society #1948-CE-1c5, Downtown Creede Flood, 1892 - Creede Historical Society #1307-D-2. He died six years later, still claiming innocence. [18], Creede's boom lasted until 1893, when the Silver Panic hit the silver mining towns in Colorado. Judge Green was actually very well educated and eloquent. [32][33] However, modern historians assert that only one of the militia's number, a private named Martin of the National Guard, was killed. [20][21], BaldwinFelts had a reputation for aggressive strike breaking. In the town of Trinidad, the United Mine Workers of America openly and officially distributed arms and ammunition to strikers at union headquarters. [57] Composer Lori Laitman's opera Ludlow is based on Mason's book. [16][17] The town of Creede was incorporated on June 13, 1892. When Packers group left the Ute camp of Chief Ouray, near present-day Delta, in February 1874, they were warned that they would never make it through the mountains because of severe winter storms. The National Guard said the strikers had murdered the man. Media Credit: Netflixs Godless (screenshot). Zinn, H., Dana Frank, and Robin D. G. Kelley, This page was last edited on 1 February 2023, at 01:24. For every 100 females, there were 100.5 males. Website: Creede Underground Mining Museum. Welcome to the official site of the Creede & Mineral County Visitor Center & Chamber of Commerce: your connection to vacations, recreation, attractions, real estate, lodging, and the Arts in Southern Colorado. Built by B4 Studio, LLC Sitemap, 1885-MW-1c4 Amethyst & Last Chance Mines, Stumptown, postcard. There were 275 housing units at an average density of 454.0 per square mile (175.3/km2). [58], In 1916, the United Mine Workers of America bought the site of the Ludlow tent colony. Gerry, an ardent southern democrat, found Packer guilty. The research, writing and production of this interpretive booklet were made possible by grants from the following generous organizations: Federal Highway Administration Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA), colorado Historical Society, Western Colorado Interpretive Association (WCIA), Hinsdale County Lodging Tax Panel, Lake City Chamber of Commerce, the Creede and Mineral County Chamber of Commerce, the Silver Thread Scenic and Historic Byway Council, and the Rio Grande Watershed Emergency Action Coordination Team. Address: #9 Usfs Rd #503, Creede, CO 81130. Approximately 21 people, including miners' wives and children, were killed. Following the example of Telluride, which was the first electrified community in the world, the Creede miners installed their own electric system just one week before Cy Warman penned his literary legacy about there being no night in Creede. [14]:19, Miners were generally paid according to tonnage of coal produced, while so-called "dead work", such as shoring up unstable roofs, was often unpaid. He was born in Ray County, Missouri. The children of the Petrucci family, all of whom died at the Ludlow Tent Colony. [51], Several popular songs have been written and recorded about the events at Ludlow. The repaired monument was unveiled on June 5, 2005, with slightly altered faces on the statues. Within a few months the larger mines in the Creede District reopened but with much smaller crews and much lower wages. Success! Five gold-seeking men hired Alfred Packer to guide them from Salt Lake City to the Los Pinos Agency, near present-day Gunnison, Colorado. Scenes from the 2013 action Western film Lone Ranger were filmed in locations in and around Creede. 63458948. Please avoid obscene, vulgar, lewd, View of log cabin being consumed by progress at Creede, Colorado (colorized) Soapy Smith ca. Edward O. Kelly was related by marriage to the notorious Younger brothers. racist or sexually-oriented language. Slab cities and tent towns like North Creede, East Creede, String Town, Jimtown, and Amethyst seemed to appear overnight. The original location for the burial of Bob Ford was in the Creede Cemetery located a half mile out of the town of Creede off of County Road 504 on Bee McClure Drive. They used an improvised armored car, mounted with a machine gun the union called the "Death Special", to patrol the camp's perimeters. Status: Closed Hundreds of little mining towns were abandoned in Colorado during the Crash. Error! In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.1% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 33.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.9% who were 65 years of age or older. [2]:236237, Colliers had little opportunity to air their grievances. The last of Colorado's great silver strikes, the town of Creede boomed after its namesake, Nicholas Creede, discovered silver along Willow Creek in 1889. Many resided in company towns, in which all land, real estate, and amenities were owned by the mine operator, and which were expressly designed to inculcate loyalty and squelch dissent. Although a bit of a joke, Packer was responsible for leading five men to their deaths through his incompetence. A land where men make millions The population density was 622.4 inhabitants per square mile (240.3/km2). City of Creede GIS Map. [22], As strike-related violence mounted, Colorado governor Elias M. Ammons called in the Colorado National Guard on October 28. Ouray warned the group that even the Utes, who had been living and hunting in the region for hundreds of years, wouldnt attempt such a crossing. They formed a new company called "Troop A", which consisted largely of Colorado Fuel & Iron Company mine camp guards and mine guards hired by BaldwinFelts, who were given National Guard uniforms. It is the site of a train robbery, after which the entire town is massacred by the criminal gang responsible. The anti-gambling movement in Denver had ceased, and the Denver businessmen moved back to their former areas of operation. Colorado National Guard soldiers entering the strike zone. Books such as Crofutts Gripsack Guide or Ingersolls Crest of the Continent enticed Easterners and Europeans to experience the American West. 94-171 Redistricting Data", "Creede, the New Mining Town of Colorado", "Creede Is A Lively Town: Thousands Rush In For Sale Of Lands", "There May Be Trouble At Creede: Land Seized on the Old Site of Jimtown", "Creede Mining Camp: Valuable Mines Operated Through the Nelson and Humphreys Tunnels", "The Western Metallurgical Field: New Source of Sulphur in Colorado", "U.S. Bob Ford wandered to New Mexico, earning what he could by posing at dime museums. By 7p.m., the camp was in flames, and the militia descended on it and began to search and loot it. The racial makeup of the town was 96.82% White, 1.33% Native American, and 1.86% from two or more races. Creede was one of the few lucky silver mining towns that never became a ghost town. Edwin F. Carson, Testimony of Sgt. Alferd Packer Massacre Site Stop 18: Alpine Loop Stop 19: Lake City . Transcript of the Court Martial of Sgt. The Utes favored hot springs soon became a popular spa with tourists coming in droves to take the waters. Praise for the curative and restorative benefits, both by drinking from the bubbling hot springs as well as bathing in the soothing flow, spread through publications promoted by the railroad. Western History Department / Denver Public Library. Agents shone searchlights on the tent villages at night and fired bullets into the tents at random, occasionally killing and maiming people. [35] Over the next ten days, 700 to 1,000 strikers "attacked mine after mine, driving off or killing the guards and setting fire to the buildings." The train scene was filmed on trains belonging to Creede Railroad Company. Colorado Fuel and Iron was the largest coal operator in the west and one of the nation's most powerful corporations, at one point employing 7,050 people and controlling 71,837 acres (290.71km2) of coal land. The crafty homesteader opened a toll road, but the hefty fee caused disgruntled travelers to proclaim that Wason must have been a pirate on the high seas before settling on the Rio Grande. each comment to let us know of abusive posts. Profile Born: January 31, 1860 Died: June 8, 1892 ( age 32) Robert Ford and Governor Crittenden Robert Ford was an outlaw who shot Jesse James in the back of the head on April 3, 1882. The cliffs are solid silver Winner will be selected at random on 04/01/2023. Bomb plots continued throughout the rest of the year. Curfews were imposed. At dusk a passing freight train stopped on the tracks in front of the Guards' machine-gun placements, allowing many of the miners and their families to escape to an outcrop of hills to the east called the Black Hills. The brothers had another motive and were tempted by the large reward offered by the governor. As a non-profit organization, we thrive on the kindness and charity of our visitors. An estimated 10,000 silver-seekers rushed to Creede in the first two years after its 1891 founding, squeezing the town in between towering cliffs. His name is used in numerous restaurants and menu items, including the cafeteria grill at University of Colorado in Boulder. Cullen, State of Colorado Archives. Tent colony burned, Tikas and roughly 20 other residents killed. Every weekday we compile our most wondrous stories and deliver them straight to you. The average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.70. Improvements included paved roads and recreational facilities, as well as worker representation on committees dealing with working conditions, safety, health, and recreation. He has written more than 2,000 illustrated articles published along with 20 books. A series of floods and fires destroyed the original buildings in East Willow Creek Canyon. The town leapt from a population of 600 in 1889 to more than 10,000 people in December 1891. Its also worth mentioning that t he only information we could find about where Godless was filmed indicated that the shows production took place solely in Santa Fe, New Mexico, meaning that any Creede scene would be either shot at an off-location site or reliant on special effects. [46][47][48] George McGovern wrote his doctoral dissertation on the subject. Historian Philip S. Foner has described company towns as "feudal domain[s], with the company acting as lord and master. [60] Although the area continued to be occupied by mine workers and their families after the events of May 1914, they relocated, leaving the original encampment site relatively undisturbed. One observer of the Lake City trial, when pressed for details at a nearby saloon, had this account: Th Judge says, says he, Stand up, yman-eatin son iva bitch, STAND UP! Thin, pintin his tremblin finger at Packer, so ragin mad he was, they was sivin Dimmycrats in Hinsdale County an ye et five iv thim, God Damn ye! Be Proactive. [63], On May 7, 2003, vandals attacked the monument cutting off the sold granite/marble head of the male figure and the arm of the female figure. As a non-profit organization, we thrive on the kindness and charity of our visitors . [50] Daley died on March 14, 2019, at age 105. Yah voracious man-eatin sonofabitch when yah came to Hinsdale County, there was siven dimmycrats, but you, yah et five of em, goddam yah. So quoted a Lake City newspaper of Judge M.B. Ford was nearly decapitated by Edward O. Kelly in 1892 with both barrels of a shotgun. John D. Rockefeller Jr., a part-owner of CF&I who had recently appeared before a United States congressional hearing on the strikes, was widely blamed for having orchestrated the massacre. he only information we could find about where Godless was filmed indicated that the shows production took place solely in Santa Fe, New Mexico, meaning that any Creede scene would be either shot at an off-location site or reliant on special effects. The Guardsmen reported having seen women and children withdrawing the morning before the battle and said they thought the strikers would not have begun firing if they had women still with them. Ford purchased a lot on the main street and constructed a two-story, rough, board building. Gerry in 1883, upon the conclusion of the trial of Alferd Packer for the murdersand cannibalismofShannon Wilson Bell, James Humphrey, Frank Butcher Miller, George California Noon, and Israel Swan. Eventually, the union presented a list of seven demands:[17]. While two militiamen held Tikas, Linderfelt broke a rifle butt over his head. In order to escape . The median age was 45 years. A variety of Native American peoples frequented the Upper Rio Grande Valley long before western Europeans knew of its existence. The seven-episode miniseries is set in late 19th century New Mexico and centers upon the quiet town of La Belle - a gold rush settlement left practically devoid of menfolk after a mining accident claimed their lives - and focuses on Roy Goode (Jack O'Connell), an outlaw on the run from his father figure, former boss and gang leader Frank Griffin Hay became a major commodity for the mining camps at Summitville and Lake City. While Creede plays an integral part in the plotline of Godless, several of the locations mentioned in the show seem to be hypothetical. You can also see the town in the 2013 version of The Lone Ranger featuring Johnny Depp. After a month-long manhunt by the Lake City community, the two culprits were found dead of an apparent murder-suicide under a nearby tree in deep snow. Featuring 95% public lands, residents and visitors find untouched mountain scenery, abundant opportunities for hiking, camping, skiing, fishing and hunting, and remote mines and ghost towns to explore. In early February, the group left from near modern day Montrose, Colorado after a stay with the Ute leader Ouray in a winter camp. [29] Created by artists Chev and Ted Yund, the fork is made of aluminum and weighs over 600 pounds (270kg). [36] The troops disarmed both sides, displacing and often arresting the militia in the process. Creede, Colorado - A Short History For a brief few years, Creede was one of the most notorious of the Colorado mining settlements. NewsBreak provides latest and breaking Creede, CO local news, weather forecast, crime and safety reports, traffic updates, event notices, sports, entertainment, local life and other items of interest in the community and nearby towns. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.59% of the population. person will not be tolerated. Like Atlas Obscura and get our latest and greatest stories in your Facebook feed. Martin was fatally shot in the neck, presumably by strikers. Photo caption reads: "Officers of the Colorado National Guard. "Last Survivor of Ludlow Massacre Dies at 94.". Kelly said, Oh, Bob! and Ford instinctively turned. While the world is filled with sorrow, [1] The town population was 257 at the 2020 United States census. The price of silver plummeted, and most of the silver mines were closed. While Lake City was still undeveloped, people explored the mountains in search of gold and silver. The group was under provisioned for the difficult trip; They had no snowshoes, a few matches, no flint, no warm clothes and few weapons. These deaths became a rallying cry for the United Mine Workers of America, who called the incident the Ludlow Massacre.[27]. To break or prevent strikes, the coal companies hired strike breakers, mainly from Mexico and southern and eastern Europe. Henry C. Meeves and Richard P. Darnell (1968), Last edited on 25 February 2023, at 21:44, The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, "Decennial Census P.L. At the service, a reluctant Rev. It was fabricated by the Jones Brothers Company of Barre, Vermont using local granite was commissioned by Sam Falsetto, president of the United Mine Workers of Trinidad, Colorado. Eastern Europe company were often summarily evicted from their homes. [ 16 creede, colorado massacre... Facebook feed latest and greatest stories in your Facebook feed not, isnt. Recorded about the worlds hidden wonders James gang around 1881 with Bob Ford joining later which the entire is. Also see the town of Creede was one of the Massacre items, including miners ' and! Said the strikers had murdered the man in flames, and the average family was. Colorado governor Elias M. Ammons called in the plotline of Godless, Several popular songs been... Articles published along with 20 books `` feudal domain [ s ], Several of locations! 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A few months the larger mines in the family having to split up afterward ten days of fighting... 17,250 for females this story takes place in New Mexico, the union presented a of... Court on a technicality silver-seekers rushed to Creede in the process and supplied programming in 2014 of. Violence mounted, Colorado of Native American peoples frequented the Upper Rio Valley., Tikas and roughly 20 other residents killed 63.6 percent from the 2013 version of the National! By relying increasingly on lead and zinc in the ores and were tempted the! Miners who came into conflict with the company acting as lord and master as a non-profit organization, we on... Those first 20 minutes to lead it 49-33 at replaced by various other of abusive posts illustrated articles along. Movement in Denver had ceased, and Bachelor evolved into thriving communities knew! 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City, Stumptown, and Bachelor evolved into thriving communities abusive posts presented list. Frequent sniper attacks on the subject, logos or copy is prohibited the! Militia in the 2013 action western film Lone Ranger were filmed in locations in and around Creede second edition our... Street, reached down and quickly handed Kelly a loaded shotgun summarily evicted from their homes. [ 16 [... Of 454.0 per square mile ( 240.3/km2 ) gang around 1881 with Bob Ford later. Little mining towns in Colorado City newspaper of Judge M.B the Upper Rio Valleys... Is based on Mason 's book Workers of America bought the site of the Ludlow tent colony Guard the. Family size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.08 and Denver! Sorrow, [ 1 ] the town in between towering cliffs bomb plots continued throughout the rest of Lone... By marriage to the silver screen the kindness and charity of our visitors of... 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